Each tile has a unique landscape. There are various landscape bonuses, ranging from increased resource production to increased health of fortifications. These bonuses are applied to buildings in your City and your Clan.

 
The type of building you can construct on a particular tile depends on the bonus it grants. For instance, you won't be able to build a Sawmill on a tile that grants a bonus to Stone production. However, Clan buildings like Forts or the Capital can be constructed on any tile. 

You can increase the bonuses granted by tiles by investing in the "Tile bonus" Hero talent in the Economy section.

Tile bonuses are calculated by adding together adjacent tiles and the bonuses that they grant. For instance, if your City is surrounded by Forests, you'll have a 90% bonus production to Lumber. However, if in this scenario, one of the adjacent tiles is a Plain, you'll receive an 80% bonus to Lumber production and a 10% bonus to Food production.

Remember that bonuses with the same effect stack and apply to the base parameters.